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What was the Reconquista? 
The Reconquista is the name given to a long series of wars and battles between the Christian Kingdoms and the Muslim Moors for control of the Iberian Peninsula. It lasted for a good portion of the Middle Ages from 718 to 1492. 

The Moors Invade Europe 
In 711 the Moors crossed the Mediterranean Sea from North Africa and invaded the Iberian Peninsula. Over the next seven years they advanced into Europe and controlled the majority of the peninsula. 

Start of the Reconquista 
The Reconquista began in 718 when King Pelayo of the Visigoths defeated the Muslim army in Alcama at the Battle of Covadonga. This was the first significant victory of the Christians over the Moors. 

Many Battles Over the next several hundred years the Christians and the Moors would do battle. Charlemagne would halt the Moors advance at the borders of France, but taking back the peninsula would take over 700 years. There were many battles won and lost on both sides. Both sides also experienced internal struggles for power and civil war. 

Fall of Granada After years of fighting, the nation of Spain was united when King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile were married in 1469. The land of Granada was still ruled by the Moors, however. Ferdinand and Isabella then turned their united forces on Grenada, taking it back in 1492 and ending the Reconquista. 

Read more at: http://www.ducksters.com/history/middle_ages/reconquista.php
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Timeline of the Reconquista 
711 - The Moors conquer the Iberian Peninsula. 
718 - The Reconquista begins with the victory of Pelayo at the Battle of Covadonga. 
721 - The Moors are turned back from France with a defeat at the Battle of Toulouse. 
791 - King Alfonso II becomes King of Asterieas. He will firmly establish the kingdom in northern Iberia. 
930 to 950 - The King of Leon defeats the Moors in several battles. 
950 - The Duchy of Castile is established as an independent Christian state. 
1085 - Christian warriors capture Toledo. 
1086 - The Almoravids arrive from North Africa to help the Moors in pushing back the Christians. 
1094 - El Cid takes control of Valencia. 
1143 - The Kingdom of Portugal is established. 
1236 - By this date half of Iberia had been retaken by Christian forces.
 1309 - Fernando IV takes Gibraltar. 1468 - Ferdinand and Isabella unite Castile and Aragon into a single united Spain. 
1492 - The Reconquista is complete with the fall of Granada.