SIMPLE PAST

Consejos y “trucos” para memorizar los verbos irregulares en inglés

Autor: Alexandra Vraciu | 23 comentarios

Normalmente la lista de los verbos irregulares que todo estudiante tiene que aprender de memoria (antes o después) viene organizada alfabéticamente, pero ésta no es necesariamente la mejor estrategia para recordarlos. Existen algunos criterios, ortográficos y fonológicos, para facilitar la memorización de los verbos irregulares que os presentaré en la lección de hoy.

Cuando trabajamos con los verbos irregulares debemos intentar memorizar todas la formas del verbo, es decir la forma de infinitivo (la primera columna), la del Past Simple (la segunda columna) y la forma del participio pasado (la tercera columna).

He aquí una serie de criterios de organización de la lista de verbos que os permitirá agruparlos de modo que resulte más fácil memorizarlos estableciendo relaciones entre ellos:

1. Verbos con una única forma para el infinitivo, el Past Simple y el participio pasado:

to cut – cut – cut —> / ʌ /

to put-put-put —> / u /

2. Verbos que, a nivel ortográfico y fonológico, tienen una alternancia vocálica entre las tres formas. Cada forma tiene una vocal diferente:

/ɪ – æ – ʌ /

to drink – drank – drunk

to ring – rang – rung

to sing – sang – sung

to swim – swam – swum

/u – ɪ – ʌ /

to do – did – done

3. Verbos que, a nivel fonológico, tienen una alternancia vocálica entre el infinitivo y las formas de Past Simple y participio pasado.  El Past Simple y el participio tienen la misma forma:

·                  La alternancia supone el cambio a una vocal larga:

—-> /ɔ:/

to buy – bought – bought

to teach – taught – taught

to think – thought – thought

·                  La alternancia supone el cambio a una vocal corta:

/i:/ —> /e/

to leave – left -left

to meet – met – met

to read – read – read

to sleep – slept – slept

·                  La alternancia supone el cambio a otra vocal o diftongo:

acabados en /d /

to find – found – found                 /aɪ – au – au /

to hear – heard – heard               / ɪə – ɜ: – ɜ: /

to say – said – said                        /eɪ – e – e /

to sell – sold – sold                      /e – ɒ – ɒ /

to stand – stood – stood          / æ – u: – u: /

to tell – told- told                     /e – əu – əu /

to understand – understood – understood      / æ – u: – u: /

acabados en / t /

to get – got -got                             /e – ɒ – ɒ /

to lose – lost – lost                      /u: – ɒ – ɒ /

to sit – sat – sat                          /ɪ – æ – æ /

4. Verbos que, a nivel ortográfico y fonológico, tienen una alternancia vocálica entre el infinitivo y el participio por un lado y con el Past Simple, por otra. El infinitivo y el participio pasado tienen la misma forma:

/ʌ – eɪ – ʌ /

to come – came – come

/ ʌ – æ - ʌ /

to run – ran – run

5. Verbos que tienen una alternancia consonántica entre el infinitivo y las formas de Past Simple y participio pasado. No hay modificaciones de las vocales:

—> /d /

to have – had – had

to make – made – made

—> / t /

to learn – learnt – learnt

to send – sent – sent

to spend – spent – spent

6. Verbos cuyo participio pasado lleva el sufijo -(e)n:

·                  Añadido a la forma de Past Simple del verbo:

to break – broke – broken

to speak – spoke – spoken

to wake – woke – woken

to wear – wore – worn

·                  Añadido a la forma de infinitivo del verbo:

to draw – drew – drawn

to drive – drove – driven

to eat – ate – eaten

to give – gave – given

to know – knew – known

to see – saw – seen

to write – wrote – written

·                  Añadido a una forma diferente:

to fly – flew – clow

BANG BANG(NANCI SINATRA)

Precious things are for those that can prize them.

 I  (be) five and he  (be) six
We  (ride) on horses made of sticks
He  (wear) black and I  (wear) white
He would always win the fight

Bang bang, he  (shoot) me down
Bang bang, I  (hit) the ground
Bang bang, that awful sound
Bang bang, my baby  (shoot) me down.

Seasons  (come) and changed the time
When I  (grow) up, I called him mine
He would always laugh and say
"Remember when we used to play?"

(refrain)

Music played, and people  (sing)
Just for me, the church bells  (ring).

Now he's gone, I don't know why
And till this day, sometimes I cry
He didn't even say goodbye
He didn't take the time to lie.

strutting: pavoneándose
farmyard: corral
espied: vio
quoth: dijo (en inglés antiguo)
barley-corn: grano de cebada

Impossible, de James Arthur

I remember years ago

Someone told me I should take

Caution when it comes to love

I did

And you were strong and I was not

My illusion, my mistake

I was careless, I forgot

I did

And now when all is done

There is nothing to say

You have gone and so effortlessly

You have won

You can go ahead tell them

Tell them all I know now

Shout it from the roof tops

Write it on the sky line

All we had is gone now

Tell them I was happy

And my heart is broken

All my scars are open

Tell them what I hoped would be

Impossible, impossible

Impossible, impossible

Falling out of love is hard

Falling for betrayal is worst

Broken trust and broken hearts

I know, I know...

Thinking all you need is there

Building faith on love and words

Empty promises will wear

I know, I know...

And now when all is gone

There is nothing to say

And if you're done with embarrassing me

On your own you can go ahead tell them

Tell them all I know now

Shout it from the roof tops

Write it on the sky line

All we had is gone now

Tell them I was happy

And my heart is broken

All my scars are open

Tell them what I hoped would be

Impossible, impossible

Impossible, impossible

I remember years ago

Someone told me I should take

Caution when it comes to love

I did

Tell them all I know now

Shout it from the roof tops

Write it on the sky line

All we had is gone now

Tell them I was happy

And my heart is broken

All my scars are open

Tell them what I hoped would be

Impossible, impossible

Impossible, impossible

1) The Egyptians  the Pyramids 5000 years ago.

2) I didn't  to work today. I took the bus.

3) My dog  the postman this morning.

4) Did you  your orange juice when you got up?

5) When he left university, he  a lawyer.

6) My daughter  her boyfriend home to meet me yesterday evening. I didn't like him much.

7) Real Madrid  Barcelona in the football match last Saturday.

8) I  a taxi home last night because it was very late.

9) Did you  your homework last week?

10) The new shoes  70 euros. I think that is very expensive. 

11) The wind  a tree down last night. It fell into our garden.

12) I  a good book from the library today. I have all the weekend to read.

=============================
drive / become / build / do / catch / beat / cost / choose / blow / drink / bring / bite
==========================

= Escribe las siguientes oraciones en su forma negativa e interrogativa.

1. The people screamed.                                           8. Nick played guitar all day.

2. Lisa was very happy.                                              9. The teacher came at half past ten.

3. You went to Paris last year.                                    10. He studied maths at home.

4. Sofia visited her grandmother yesterday.                11. It was ten past eleven.

5. I was in Hong Kong last month.                               12. The fish was in the water.

6. John went to the cinema last week.                        13. You were at school yesterday

7. Shakespeare wrote a lot of books.                                14. It was very cold yesterday.

Escribe las siguientes oraciones en tiempo pasado simple.

1. I go to school in the morning.                          6. The plane arrives at half past ten.

2. Diane is very tired.                                     7. I study English at home.

3. You are at home.                                        8. They stay all night in front of the computer.

4. I have breakfast.                                              9. The plane arrives at half past ten.

5. Thomas and Nick play tennis all day.                 10. The teacher teachs maths on Tuesdays.

1.Completa con la forma pasada (Simple Past) del verbo. Por ejemplo: go - went.

go -           visit -             cook - catch - see - 

recover -  invite - discover -  look -                      wear-

know -          drink-                       swim-                get-            give-         take-

begin.                  Cut-                   forget-                buy-                have-         

do-                 grow-                freeze-              find-                eat-             write-

bring-               drive-                 be-              know-                spend-            wake-   

fall-                read-                 hear-                   say-            think-          win-